the world will see the first newly independent country since South Sudan. Bougainville, an autonomous province of Papua New Guinea, voted almost unanimously for independence in a referendum, and its government recently completed negotiations with PNG on gaining full sovereign power ; Abstract. Despite the new political leaders, Catalonia remains in an impasse since the failure of the independence movement. While the trials of Catalan separatists are taking place, the newspaper is doing its best. Philippine Revolution, 1896-98, struggle for Philippine independence which, after several years of Spanish colonial rule, exposed the weakness of Spanish administration but failed to expel the Spanish from the islands. The Spanish-American War ended Spanish rule in the Philippines, but precipitated the Philippines. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the leader of the non-violent independence movement against British rule in India. He was revered around the world for his philosophy of passive resistance and was known to those close to him. The movement, Gandhi decided, would be called "Quit India" to reflect its main demand: that Britain voluntarily leave India. In a speech delivered at a Congress meeting in Bombay.