Photosynthesis thus results in all the other energy exchange processes observed in nature. Like glycolysis and cellular respiration reactions, photosynthesis involves a multitude of steps and enzymes. The light reactions of cyanobacterial photosynthesis are essentially carried out by three transmembrane protein complexes PS2, the cytochrome f cyt f complex and PS1 which are located in the thylakoid. membrane. Triggered by light, they carry out photosynthetic electron transport. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugar. The byproduct or waste gas of this process is oxygen. The photo of the prefix. In this process, the oxidation of water to oxygen and reduction of carbon to carbon dioxide to glucose takes place. The process of photosynthesis occurs in two stages: 1. Photochemical or light-dependent reaction or Hill reaction. 2. Light-independent phase or biosynthetic phase or dark reaction. 1.