1. Read and analyze the text. In order to understand how to begin a literary analysis essay, you must realize the importance of solid research. Before you start writing your essay, be sure to read your text carefully and take detailed notes. Observe and note the words used by the author, the structure and tone of the piece, the. Literary analysis is an essay that presents an argument based on an in-depth reading and analysis of a literary work, poem, or play. OWL at Purdue: Writing about Literature. Guide to writing about literature. University of Toronto: Writing about Literature. Guide to writing about literature from the University of Toronto Writing Centre.